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Objective: To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of food-borne diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) and the prevalence of mcr genes that mediates mobile colistin resistance in parts of China, 2020. Methods: For 91 DEC isolates recovered from food sources collected from Fujian province, Hebei province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Shanghai city in 2020, Vitek2 Compact biochemical identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing platform was used for the detection of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) against to 18 kinds of antimicrobial compounds belonging to 9 categories, and multi-polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) was used to detect the mcr-1-mcr-9 genes, then a further AST, whole genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatics analysis were platformed for these DEC isolates which were PCR positive for mcr genes. Results: Seventy in 91 isolates showed different antimicrobial resistance levels to the drugs tested with a resistance rate of 76.92%. The isolates showed the highest antimicrobial resistance rates to ampicillin (69.23%, 63/91) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (59.34%, 54/91), respectively. The multiple drug-resistant rate was 47.25% (43/91). Two mcr-1 gene and ESBL (extended-spectrum beta-lactamase) positive EAEC (enteroaggregative Escherichia coli) strains were detected. One of them was identified as serotype of O11:H6, which showed a resistance profile to 25 tested drugs referring to 10 classes, and 38 drug resistance genes were predicted by genome analysis. The other one was O16:H48 serotype, which was resistant to 21 tested drugs belonging to 7 classes and carried a new variant of mcr-1 gene (mcr-1.35). Conclusion: An overall high-level antimicrobial resistance was found among foodborne DEC isolates recovered from parts of China in 2020, and so was the MDR (multi-drug resistance) condition. MDR strains carrying multiple resistance genes such as mcr-1 gene were detected, and a new variant of mcr-1 gene was also found. It is necessary to continue with a dynamic monitoring on DEC contamination and an ongoing research into antimicrobial resistance mechanisms.
Subject(s)
Humans , Colistin/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Escherichia coli Infections/epidemiology , Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics , China/epidemiology , Escherichia coli , Plasmids/genetics , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate nutritional knowledge, attitudes and dietary behaviors of teachers and students in a medical college in Beijing and their influencine factors, and to provide evidence for nutrition education and promotion.@*METHODS@#The subjects of this study were teachers, as well as first-year and second-year graduate students, and first-year to third-year undergraduate students. The teachers and students were respectively sampled by stratified cluster sampling with equal proportion. t-test or ANOVA was used to compare the means between the groups, and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) score.@*RESULTS@#The average score of nutrition knowledge was 5.7±1.5. The knowledge rate of nutrition was 57.3%. The average score of nutritional attitudes was 8.3±3.0. The mean nutritional behavior score was 5.1±2.0. The average nutritional KAP score was 19.1±4.6, with the teachers 19.9±5.2 higher than the students 18.9±4.5; the female 19.5±4.5 higher than the male 18.4±4.5; All the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The scores of nutritional attitudes, nutritional behavior and total KAP scores of doctoral students were significantly higher than those of the undergraduate and postgraduate students (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The nutrition attitudes of teachers and students is relatively correct, the nutrition knowledge needs to be further strengthened, and there are some unreasonable aspects in the nutrition behaviors. Gender, identity and degree are the main influencing factors of the nutrition score of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. It is necessary to carry out nutritional education in schools to improve the nutrition knowledge of teachers and students, correct bad eating habits, and promote the construction of healthy China action.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , China , Diet , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Students , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
@#Objective To investigate the effect of surgical treatment on chest wall tuberculosis. Methods A total of 407 patients with chest wall tuberculosis who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from April 2008 to December 2017 in Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center were enrolled. They were divided into two groups according to the time of admission: a control group (203 patients admitted from April 2008 to December 2012) treated with traditional focus debridement, including 135 males and 68 females, with an average age of 40.65±4.68 years, and an observation group (204 patients admitted from 2013 to 2017) undergoing complete focus debridement, including 139 males and 65 females, with an average age of 40.73±4.72 years. The general clinical data, perioperative related indexes, incision healing, incidence of complications and recurrence between the two groups were compared. Results There was no significant difference in general clinical data, operation time, postoperative pain time, extubation time, hospital stay or recurrence rate between the two groups (P>0.05), but compared with the control group the grade A healing rate in the observation group was significantly higher and incidence of complications was significantly lower (P<0.05). Conclusion Thorough debridement can achieve a better effect in the treatment of chest wall tuberculosis, and help to reduce complications and promote wound healing. It is suitable for clinical application.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of triptolide(TP)on the proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes(FLS) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA)in vitro. METHODS:5 RA patients received knee arthroplasty or synovectomy to ob-tain synovial tissue. FLS was isolated,cultured and identified,and then incubated in the presence of TP [0 (blank control),50, 100 and 200 nmol/ml] for 24,48 and 72 h. The effects of TP on FLS was evaluated by MTT,and then proliferation inhibitory rate was calculated;flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis and cell cycle of FLS. RESULTS:The inhibitory rates of TP(50, 100 and 200 nmol/ml)on the proliferation of FLS were 17.46%-52.56%,which was positively correlated with drug concentration. Compared with blank control group,100 and 200 nmol/ml TP could increase the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase and decrease the percentage of cells in S phase,with statistical significance(P<0.05);200 nmol/ml TP could induce cell apoptosis. CONCLU-SIONS:TP could inhibit the proliferation and also could induce the apoptosis of FLS in RA patients in vitro,which may be one of its mechanism for treating RA.
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OBJECTIVE@#To discuss the effect of Yaobitong capsule on histomorphology of dorsal root ganglion and on expression of p38MARK phosphorylation in autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation model of rats.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 SD rats were randomly divided into the blank group, model group and Yaobitong capsule group, with 20 rats in each group. The animal model of autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation around the lumbar nerve root was built. Three days after the modeling, rats were given the drugs for the first time, while rats in the model group were given the equivalent normal saline. After 30 d of continuous administration, samples were collected from rats. HE staining was performed on the dorsal root ganglion of L4 and L5 spinal cord of rats in each group and the expression of p38MARK phosphorylation was measured. All data were treated with the statistical analysis.@*RESULTS@#The histological examination showed that the histomorphology of dorsal root ganglion in the Yaobitong capsule group was more significantly improved than the one in the model group, while the results of western blot showed that Yaobitong capsule could significantly inhibit the level of p38MAPK phosphorylation of dorsal root ganglion cells.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Yaobitong capsule can improve the symptoms and nerve radiculopathy of autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation of rats and its mechanism may be associated with its inhibiting effect on the level of p38MAPK phosphorylation.
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Objective: To discuss the effect of Yaobitong capsule on histomorphology of dorsal root ganglion and on expression of p38MARK phosphorylation in autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation model of rats. Methods: A total of 60 SD rats were randomly divided into the blank group, model group and Yaobitong capsule group, with 20 rats in each group. The animal model of autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation around the lumbar nerve root was built. Three days after the modeling, rats were given the drugs for the first time, while rats in the model group were given the equivalent normal saline. After 30 d of continuous administration, samples were collected from rats. HE staining was performed on the dorsal root ganglion of L4 and L5 spinal cord of rats in each group and the expression of p38MARK phosphorylation was measured. All data were treated with the statistical analysis. Results: The histological examination showed that the histomorphology of dorsal root ganglion in the Yaobitong capsule group was more significantly improved than the one in the model group, while the results of western blot showed that Yaobitong capsule could significantly inhibit the level of p38MAPK phosphorylation of dorsal root ganglion cells. Conclusions: Yaobitong capsule can improve the symptoms and nerve radiculopathy of autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation of rats and its mechanism may be associated with its inhibiting effect on the level of p38MAPK phosphorylation.
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BACKGROUND:As a kind of fiber composite resin adopt the technology of fibre reinforcement composites, the everStick high-strength fiber composite resin has been applied in the field of dentistry prosthodontic treatment restoration. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research condition about the material performance and clinical application of the everStick high-strength fiber composite resin METHODS:We searched the Medline, CNKI, and WanFang database in computer (from January 2000 to August 2013) using the keywords of“everStick high-strength fiber composite resin, material performance, clinical application”in English and Chinese. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The everStick high-strength fiber composite resin has the unique structure of IPN, and has the characteristics of simple operation, minimal y invasive, higher strength, strong cohesive force and reversibility. Because of the minimal y invasive, the everStick high-strength fiber composite resin can retain the healthy tissue of tooth with whole hog and provide the possibility for other therapeutic method because of the reversibility. At the present time, the everStick high-strength fiber composite resin has already been extended in the fields of post core, periodontal splint, orthodontic retainer, ful crown, adhesive fixed bridge, fixed bridge, inlay fixed partial dentures, dental implant restoration and the base in removable partial denture. But whether the material can be made into resin veneer and be used in color front teeth, for instance, the dental fluorosis, tooth discoloration after root canal therapy, tetracycline pigmentation teeth and hypoplasia of enamel, there is lack of comprehensive studies.
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BACKGROUND:The fiber-reinforced composite resin adhesion fixed bridge produced by everStick fibre reinforced composites is a kind of minimaly invasive fixed prosthesis technology in recent years, which is wel thought of patients and clinicians because of its smal tooth preparation, high success rate of bonding, good esthetic effects, strong mechanical properties and easy to intraoral repair. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the advantage of everStick fibre reinforced composites on too smal anterior edentulous space restoration. METHODS:A total of 23 patients with maxilary lateral incisor missing and with smal edentulous space were colected and renovated with everStick fibre reinforced composites produced by StickTech in Finland. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:everStick fibre reinforced composites for repair of too smal anterior edentulous space with adhesion fixed bridge could not only avoid the overclosed occlusion on adjacent teeth like fixed denture, but also avoid the usage of clasp and uncomfortableness such as removable denture. During the folow-up of 6-30 months, 23 patients had no signs of loosening, debonding, fracture, excessive wear, secondary caries, margin dying of restoration and exhibited good margins and composite luting-cement interface, unchanged color, good esthetic effects. The patients were very satisfied with the restoration. The results indicate that everStick fibre reinforced composites for restoration of too smal anterior edentulous space can achieve good abrasion resistance and high mechanical strength, unchanged color, have little damage to abutment and have good esthetic effects.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the function of nuclear factor (NF)-κB in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition induced by hypoxia in pancreatic cancer cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>For cultured pancreatic cancer cells (BxPC-3 and Panc-1) under hypoxic and normoxic conditions, the differences in the morphology were observed by optical microscope. The expression of markers of epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes, E-cadherin, vimentin and N-cadherin, were determined by Western blot. NF-κB P65 activity was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Invasion and gemcitabine resistance of pancreatic cancer cells were evaluated in matrigel invasion assay and cell counting kit-8 assay. Both molecular and pharmacologic means of inhibiting NF-κB P65 were used in these hypoxic cells and then the above resulting phenotypes were compared with those of the control-treated cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After cultured pancreatic cancer cells under hypoxic conditions for 48 h, normoxic cells exhibited a polygonal shape and formed tight clusters of cells, whereas hypoxic cells took on an elongated, fibroblastoid morphology associated with a more highly invasive character and resistance to gemcitabine; hypoxic cells exhibited an suppression of E-cadherin and increase in vimentin and N-cadherin expression. NF-κB P65 activity was elevated in hypoxic cells. On the contrary, on molecular or pharmacologic inhibition of NF-κB P65, hypoxic cells regained expression of E-cadherin, lost expression of N-cadherin, and reversed their highly invasive and drug resistant phenotype.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Pancreatic cancer cells underwent epithelial to mesenchymal transition exposed to hypoxia, exhibited highly invasive and drug resistant phenotype. Inhibition of NF-κB P65 under hypoxic conditions, pancreatic cancer cells regained expression of E-cadherin, lost expression of N-cadherin, and reversed their highly invasive and drug resistant phenotype.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Antigens, CD , Metabolism , Cadherins , Metabolism , Cell Hypoxia , Cell Line, Tumor , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition , Pancreatic Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Transcription Factor RelA , Metabolism , Vimentin , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish transgenic mice with GFP expression in the vascular endothelium during neovascularization.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The vector nestin-hsp68-gfp containing nestin second intron was introduced into U251 cells and the expression level of GFP was detected by fluorescence microscopy. Transgenic mice were produced by microinjection. The genome of the offspring mice was screened by PCR, and GFP expression in the vascular endothelium was detected using immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirteen offspring mice were obtained and 2 of them were positive for GFP in the vascular endothelium as detected by PCR. GFP was detected in the offspring mice both at the embryonic stage and after birth.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The transgenic mice with GFP expression in the vascular endothelium during neovascularization have been successfully established.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Animals, Newborn , Base Sequence , Endothelium, Vascular , Metabolism , Green Fluorescent Proteins , Genetics , Intermediate Filament Proteins , Genetics , Mice, Transgenic , Molecular Sequence Data , Neovascularization, Pathologic , Genetics , Neovascularization, Physiologic , Genetics , Nerve Tissue Proteins , Genetics , NestinABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the anti-tumor activity of combined gemcitabine with dihydroartemisinin, and the mechanism of the anti-tumor effect of gemcitabine enhanced by dihydroartemisinin on pancreatic cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>For cultured cells, cell growth was determined by the MTT assay and apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis and confocal laser scanning microscope stained with Annexin V-FITC/PI. The nuclear extract for determining NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity was analyzed by EMSA, while nuclear P65 and its downstream gene expression was determined by Western blot assay. BxPC-3 cells were injected subcutaneously into nude mice to establish pancreatic xenograft tumors and the tumor volume was monitored after exposure to agents. TUNEL assay was used to assess tumor cell apoptosis in tumor tissue.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After combination of gemcitabine and dihydroartemisinin treatment, the proliferative inhibition rates of pancreatic cancer cells BxPC-3 and Panc-1 reached up to (81.1 +/- 3.9)% and (76.5 +/- 3.3)%, and the apoptosis rates were up to (53.6 +/- 3.8)% and (48.3 +/- 4.3)%, the differences were significantly (P < 0.01) compared with gemcitabine [(24.8 +/- 2.9)% and (21.8 +/- 3.5)%]. All the treatment groups inhibited the growth of pancreatic xenograft tumors in nude mice. The tumor volume and apoptosis index were (262 +/- 37) mm(3) and (50 +/- 4)% respectively in the combined treatment, compared to those of [(384 +/- 56) mm(3) and (25 +/- 3)%] in gemcitabine, the differences were significantly (P < 0.05). EMSA showed that gemcitabine alone obviously enhanced its DNA-binding activity compared to control. However, dihydroartemisinin significantly reduced its DNA-binding activity, so that abrogated the inducing effect of gemcitabine on NF-kappaB activation. Western blot assay indicated that dihydroartemisinin downregulated expression of nuclear P65, and combined treatment not only downregulated the expression of Cyclin D1, Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 while upregulated Bax, thus reduced the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, but also increased the caspase-3 activation, all of which increased apoptosis in both BxPC-3 and Panc-1 cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dihydroartemisinin significantly abrogated the inducing effect of gemcitabine on NF-kappaB activation and downregulated the expression of NF-kappaB targeted gene products, which may be one possible mechanism by which dihydroartemisinin augments the anti-tumor effect of gemcitabine on pancreatic cancer.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Mice , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic , Therapeutic Uses , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Therapeutic Uses , Apoptosis , Artemisinins , Therapeutic Uses , Cell Line, Tumor , Deoxycytidine , Therapeutic Uses , Mice, Nude , NF-kappa B , Metabolism , Pancreatic Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Pathology , Xenograft Model Antitumor AssaysABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect and mechanism of NF-kappaB P65 gene silencing by small interference RNA on the apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer cells induced by gemcitabine in vitro and in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human pancreatic cancer cells (BxPC-3 and PANC-1) were cultured and respectively divided into five groups: blank control group, negative control siRNA group, gemcitabine group, NF-kappaB P65 siRNA group and gemcitabine + P65 siRNA group. The ability of cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT; the expression of NF-kappaB P65 and the apoptosis related proteins were examined by Western blot assay; the apoptosis was evaluated by the flow cytometry and laser scanning confocal microscopy analysis stained with Annexin V-FITC/PI; the DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB was examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. BxPC-3 cells were injected subcutaneously into nude mice to establish pancreatic xenograft tumors. The tumor volume was monitored and TUNEL assay was used to assess the apoptosis index in tumor tissue after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 72 h after transfection, the combination with gemcitabine and p65 siRNA significantly decreased the cell viability index (P < 0.05), and down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and procaspase-3 and up-regulated the expression of Bax compared with other groups. The combined treatment significantly increased the rate of apoptosis compared with other groups (P < 0.05). EMSA assay indicated that the DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB significantly decreased in NF-kappaB P65 siRNA group and gemcitabine+P65 siRNA group compared with Control group. The combined therapy inhibited the growth of pancreatic xenograft tumors by apoptosis induction in nude mice (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The effect of gemcitabine inducing cell apoptosis may be potentiated through inhibiting the DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB and regulating the expression of apoptosis related proteins by NF-kappaB P65 siRNA, which can activate the mitochondria apoptosis pathway in pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Apoptosis , Genetics , Cell Line, Tumor , Deoxycytidine , Pharmacology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Pancreatic Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Pathology , RNA, Small Interfering , Genetics , Transcription Factor RelA , Genetics , Metabolism , Transfection , Xenograft Model Antitumor AssaysABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine whether the roughness of titanium implant can influence its osseointegration by affecting the growth, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production and expression of core binding factor alpha 1 subunit (Cbfα1) of osteoblasts.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 48 titanium disc specimens, 15 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness, were included in the study and divided equally into 4 groups with 12 specimens in each group. Specimens were coarsened by sandblasting with carborundum granula and acid etching with mixing liquid of hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid under diverse conditions. In the four groups, three were treated with different surface roughness: micro-roughness [(1.00 ± 0.20) µm], midrange roughness [(1.67 ± 0.08) µm] and severe roughness [(2.40 ± 0.20) µm], while the group untreated with surface roughness [(0.12 ± 0.03) µm] was set as control. Scanning electron microscope, acridine orange fluorescence staining and coomassie brilliant blue staining were used to observe morphology and growth of osteoblasts incubating on these specimens. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and fluorescence quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to evaluate ALP production and gene expression of Cbfα1 of osteoblasts among different groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Growth, ALP production and Cbfα1 mRNA expression of osteoblasts in experimental groups were higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). Significant differences of these data were also found among three experimental groups (P < 0.05). Midrange roughness group showed the highest level of gene expression of Cbfα1 mRNA, which was 0.93 ± 0.03. While that in the micro-roughness group (0.50 ± 0.03) came second, and the severe roughness group had the lowest data, which was 0.37 ± 0.07.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Results indicated that rough surface was more suitable for the adherence and propagation of the osteoblasts than smooth one did. Surface with roughness of 1-2 µm may be a better choice for osseointegration between osteoblasts and dental implants than others are.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Alkaline Phosphatase , Cell Differentiation , Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit , Metabolism , Dental Implants , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Osseointegration , Osteoblasts , Metabolism , Prostheses and Implants , Surface Properties , TitaniumABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore therapeutic effects of emergency medial malleolus osteotomy for the treatment of fractures of talar neck and dislocation of talar body.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From 1995. 6 to 2007. 10, among 24 patients with fractures of talar neck and dislocation of talar body, 18 patients were male and 6 patients were female, ranging in age from 28 to 58 years (mean 35.4 years). The duration from injury to the emergency ward ranged from 0.5 to 12 h. All the patients were treated in 5 hours after hospitalization with emergency medial malleolus osteotomy and internal fixation. Firstly, osteotomy was made above the medial malleolus tip; Secondly, the medial malleolus was turned over downward to uncover the talus; Then, the fracture of talus can be reduced in direct visidn.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up ranged from 6 to 60 months. According to Kenwright evaluation standards, 18 patients obtained an excellent results, 4 good and 2 fair.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is easy and clearly to perform medial malleolus osteotomy. The blood circulation of talus is preserved. So it is an effective method to treat the fractures of talar neck and dislocation of talar body.</p>